New biotechnology Combines Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy to Kill Treatment-Resistant Cancer Cells

Cancer is a major public health problem in India. India records over 1 million new cancer cases each year. This number is likely to increase as India's population ages and lifestyles change. Cancer is very complex and highly adaptable. The many subtypes of this disease have distinct clinical features and susceptibility to therapy. Many cancers remain undiagnosed until they are in an advanced stage, and some resist most treatment attempts. Today, scientists have identified around 40 types of leukemia and around 50 types of lymphoma, and patient survival rates have increased accordingly. This understanding about the personalized nature of each patient’s condition underscores the fact that cancer is not just one disease, but rather hundreds of diseases that progress and evolve differently over time. That's why the goal of precision medicine is not finding one treatment that works for every cancer — it's about creating platforms and modalities that are flexible and adaptable so that each patient can find the combination of therapies that's right for their unique disease. Within the emerging and exciting field of immuno-oncology, Amgen has helped develop a novel approach that may provide a platform that can be adapted for a range of tumor types. For example, the investigational bispecific T cell engager molecule is bioengineered with two attachment points: one side is designed to pair with cytotoxic T cells naturally present in the body, while the other is designed to target specific proteins on tumor cells, creating a bridge that connects T cells with cancer cells. BiTE® molecules can be designed for multiple targets across different tumor types, with the goal of potentially leading to commercial solutions that transform patients' own T cells into anti-cancer agents. Despite significant advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. Recent advances in medical biotechnology have enhanced researchers' understanding of the molecular events in cancer, giving rise to new hopes for cancer screening and treatment. Alterations in the cell's genome and proteome disrupt normal cellular control mechanisms. Biotechnological methods allow us to identify these molecular errors and select appropriate treatments. This paper describes biotechnology techniques and discusses their respective advantages in cancer diagnosis and treatment. These techniques include genetic mapping, in situ hybridization (ISH), microarray analysis, and cell culture. ISH is a method of detecting RNA and DNA in tissues and cells using labeled probes. This method helps identify genes associated with cancer development and progression. Microarray technology offers the potential to study tumor behavior in patient tissues and drug resistance. Cell cultures are used to study the effects of genes involved in cancer development on cultured cells. Genetic mapping is a method of determining the location of genetic markers on related genomes. This method is also used to detect cancer early and identify high-risk cancer patients. Knowledge of the molecular events in cancer can be very helpful in selecting effective treatments, the results of which are likely to be more effective and accurate than conventional methods of cancer detection and treatment.

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Debra Peter
Managing Editor
International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences